Historica Olomucensia vol. 60 (2021), 13-29 | DOI: 10.5507/ho.2021.001
The rise of new Cistercian and Premonstratensian monastic orders in the twelfth century is a traditional theme of global medieval studies. The Czech discourse proposes that the new movements could only blossom because Benedictine monasticism had bled out internally and was unable to step up to the challenges of the new era. Such generalizations however lack the support of specific data, which makes us question the conclusion as being possibly too schematic. The reasons leading to the new monastery were varied, from pastoral, mortuary, and generally commemorative incentives, through representational factors, to economic and political aspects. Although...
Historica Olomucensia vol. 60 (2021), 31-54 | DOI: 10.5507/ho.2021.002
The present study focuses on travels of Johann Adolf II of Schwarzenberg. His two English journeys are investigated only briefly and viewed from a different angle than in other studies. The prominent part of the treatise concerns the Italian journey of 1836 and observes particularly the prince's interests related to economic inspiration, as well as personal and organizational aspects of travel. During the Italian journey, the company of travellers faced difficulties such as the crossing of the Alps or illnesses. The aim of the travel was to see big part of Italy from Milan to Venice and Rome, as well as other cities as far as Naples. The atmosphere...
Historica Olomucensia vol. 60 (2021), 55-84 | DOI: 10.5507/ho.2021.003
The paper summarizes the basic literature about this issue with the emphasis on Eastern Bohemia. Furthermore, it outlines primary sources available for the topic (funds of public administration, regional government, church administration, and personal funds). Despite the fragmentary preservation of documents, kept in various institutes and personal collections, the sources provide opportunity to describe the situation of the rural community from the end of the nineteenth century to the second half of the twentieth century, when the Spiritistic movement arose in Pěčín, the village situated at the foot of the Orlické Mountains. The diversity of sources...
Historica Olomucensia vol. 60 (2021), 85-115 | DOI: 10.5507/ho.2021.004
The article presented here mainly deals with the secondary school and university teaching career of Prof. Josef Dobiáš (1888-1972), who worked at the Faculty of Arts of Charles University between 1920-1958 and who became the first Czech full professor of ancient Greek and Roman history (1930). The final chapter of the article also compares the educational activities of Josef Dobiáš with those of other contemporary university teachers active in the field of ancient history (Prof. Emanuel Šimek, Prof. Vladimír Groh, Prof. Vojtěch Ondrouch). This article is based primarily on an analysis of archival sources, especially Josef Dobiáš's unprocessed collection...
Historica Olomucensia vol. 60 (2021), 117-142 | DOI: 10.5507/ho.2021.005
After 1918 Orel as a pro-Habsburg organisation was gradually starting to find its place next to the larger Sokol. From the times of the monarchy, Orel members and board carried the burden of accusations of anti-republican thinking. Soon after the foundation of the Czechoslovak Republic, the Catholic political movement gradually identified itself with the republican ideals, which registered in the mindset of the Orel organisation. Considering the examples of the 1922 Orel slet in Brno and the 1929 slet in Prague, we can see how the Czechoslovak Orel as well as the Czechoslovak People's Party, which was loosely connected with Orel, conformed to the conditions...
Historica Olomucensia vol. 60 (2021), 143-160 | DOI: 10.5507/ho.2021.006
Evidence-based and analytic comparison is the main approach in this study that focuses on the battles of Sokolovo (7 to 9 March 1943) and of Lenino (12 to 13 October 1943); these were the first military deployments of both Czechoslovak and Polish armed forces in the Soviet Union. On Czechoslovak side there was the 1st Independent (Field) Battalion of nearly 1,000 members, while Poles had the 1st Infantry Division of Tadeusz Kościuszko of some 13,000 men and women. Despite this difference, both battles were strikingly similar in number of aspects; both Czechoslovaks and Poles reached temporal and tactical success which, however, vanished soon; during...
Historica Olomucensia vol. 60 (2021), 161-175 | DOI: 10.5507/ho.2021.007
The aim of this study was to introduce key moments in the lives of Czechoslovak pilots, members of the Royal Air Force held captive by Germans. The events are embedded in a wider context, and emphasis is put on the end of the war when the Nazi security apparatus decided about physical elimination of Czech "traitors", which was fortunately prevented by the strong stance of the British government. The key source for this study were materials from the Military Central Archive, as well as the author's previously published works, and recent foreign literary sources. Another very beneficial source were interviews and accounts provided by a participant of...
Historica Olomucensia vol. 60 (2021), 177-201 | DOI: 10.5507/ho.2021.008
The study analyses one of the chapters of the Cold War that has been rather unknown: the stay of Babrak Karmal in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic. Karmal, who eventually became the highest Afghan representative, worked here first as an ambassador and later as a private person in 1978-1979. Throughout his stay, he was observed by the highest bodies of the Communist Party and security services, primarily by Státní Bezpečnost [State Security]. The present treatise maps Karmal's stay in Czechoslovakia in the context of the internal political situation in Afghanistan and the USSR's relationship to the country. Relevant sources involve files of various...
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