Etiopie a Roh Afriky v době studené války, 1960-1989

doi:10.5507/ho.2017.011

Historica Olomucensia vol. 52 (2017), 255-269 | DOI: 10.5507/ho.2017.011

Etiopie a Roh Afriky v době studené války, 1960-1989

Jan Záhořík: Katedra blízkovýchodních studií, Fakulta filozofická, Západočeská univerzita, Sedláčkova 15, 301 25 Plzeň, Česká republika

Roh Afriky patří mezi nejkřehčí a nejméně stabilní regiony Afriky. Tato studie se zabývá obdobím studené války se zvláštním zřetelem na ústřední roli Etiopie. Etiopie byla vždy pro zahraniční mocnosti nejdůležitější zemí v regionu, již vzhledem k faktu, že se jednalo o centrální mocnost obklopenou státy, které zažívaly občanské války (např. Súdán), nebo které neměly takový ekonomický či politický potenciál. Etiopie se navíc stala sídlem Organizace africké jednoty roku 1963 a císař Haile Selassie patřil k nejvýznamnějším africkým vůdcům. Studená válka přinesla některé významné změny do oblasti, včetně spojenectví Etiopie s USA a od roku 1977 naopak se Sovětským svazem. Tato studie se tak zabývá vzájemnými vztahy Etiopie s okolními státy v širší perspektivě.

Keywords: Etiopie, studená válka, Súdán, Somálsko, Sovětský svaz, USA, Eritrea

Ethiopia and the Horn of Africa in the Era of the Cold War, 1960-1989

The Horn of Africa belongs to the most fragile and politically unstable regions in Africa. This article focuses on the Era of the Cold War with a special attention to the central role of Ethiopia. For foreign powers, Ethiopia has always been the most important country in the region due to the fact that it has been the centrally country surrounded by states that witnessed either civil wars, e.g. Sudan, or have not had such an economic and strategic potential (e.g. Somalia). Moreover, Ethiopia became the seat of the Organization of African Unity in 1963 and Emperor Haile Selassie was one of the most crucial African leaders. Cold War brought some significant changes to the region including Ethiopia as it first was an ally of the USA and since 1977 the closest ally of the USSR in Africa. This study thus deals with mutual interferences between Ethiopia and the neighboring countries in this broader perspective.

Keywords: Ethiopia, Cold War, Sudan, Somalia, Soviet Union, USA, Eritrea

Published: June 11, 2017 Show citation

Záhořík, J. (2017). Ethiopia and the Horn of Africa in the Era of the Cold War, 1960-1989. Historica Olomucensia, 52(vol. 52), 255-269. doi: 10.5507/ho.2017.011

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