Historica Olomucensia vol. 51 (2016), 13-28 | DOI: 10.5507/ho.2016.029
In the 4th century BC books increasingly became a property of individuals who began to found their private libraries. The most significant of them was the library of Aristotle in Athens. Fates of a part of its works are a proof of political convulsions of this period but also an evidence of the fact that a book became not only a source of education but a treasurable property or a welcomed loot. At the beginning of the 3rd century BC, this private initiative is took over by the Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt, a hundred years later by the Attalid dynasty in Pergamon, who used a foundation of a library, its funding and organisation, as a tool for self-representation...
Historica Olomucensia vol. 51 (2016), 29-55 | DOI: 10.5507/ho.2016.030
God's judgments, respectively ordeals, belong to noticeably specific practices of medieval society, of which rarity has always meant an interpretation problem. Taking into account religious, social and legal-historical background, a lot of different attitudes discussing the motifs of people who enormously physically suffered in the effort to prove their innocence has been formed. However, a common feature of all these interpretations was an agreement with the presence of the faith that meant the immanent justice, of which originator was only God himself in medieval Europe. He was in the centre of all happenings and interested parties, onlookers and...
Historica Olomucensia vol. 51 (2016), 57-72 | DOI: 10.5507/ho.2016.031
In addition to keeping collective memory, medieval and early modern urban historiography aimed at idealizing the city. To achieve the goal, urban authors resorted to allegory and metaphor that served as the most frequently used literary strategies. Compared to garden, ship, human body and/or precisely working clock, the city was depicted in urban chronicles, panegyrics and private memories as a perfect society marked with harmony, concord, order, collectivism and symmetry (beauty). Presented as the ideal, well-governed and well-organized social and political bodies cities and their constitutions served as patterns to be followed by european territorial...
Historica Olomucensia vol. 51 (2016), 73-86 | DOI: 10.5507/ho.2016.032
The presented article deals with early modern travelogues about Bohemia and Moravia written in German. Although the Bohemian lands have not become the most attractive tourist destination in comparison with other exotic countries, in early modern period and then in the 19th century it is possible to find many German travelogues which mention the Bohemian lands. These travel writings are of a different literary quality and also of various types - travel diaries such as a diary of Elisa von der Recke or travel guidebooks. The aim of the paper is to briefly present and analyse four selected travel writings from the 18th century (diary of Elisa von der...
Historica Olomucensia vol. 51 (2016), 87-97 | DOI: 10.5507/ho.2016.033
The study identifies footnotes included in the agricultural calendar published by the Moravian-Silesian Society for Advancement of Agriculture in Brno. On the basis of many features, it has been found out that the owner of the calendar and the author of notes was Johann Nepomuk Spatzier, who practiced in Krnov, a natural scientist and historian from the 1830s to the 1880s, one of the founders of local history in Bohemian Silesia. Notes are transcribed and followed by a comment which reveals author's interests (professional interests, contacts with friends and acquaintances in Krnov and its surroundings). They enable his identification with a romantically...
Historica Olomucensia vol. 51 (2016), 99-112 | DOI: 10.5507/ho.2016.034
The name of Friedrich Ratzel has been connected especially with geopolitics and the term Lebensraum in our geographical location. However, the truth is that he gained such a reputation thanks to the generation which followed after him. During his life, he was a respected scientist and writer. Originally, he had studied zoology and botany, however, the lack of finances forced him to become a journalist. As a travelling correspondent of Kölnische Zeitung he travelled a major part of Europe and Nothern America. Experience of travels influenced him in such a way that during the rest of his life he focused more on geography than on zoology. Despite this,...
Historica Olomucensia vol. 51 (2016), 113-143 | DOI: 10.5507/ho.2016.035
The study deals with Cisleithanian census in Moravia when national conflicts aroused in larger measure and later than in Bohemia. For census in 1880 and 1890, any special information about conflicts in Moravia were not found, only general complaints, which may be described such as a part of events in Bohemia, appeared.A section 13 (a usual language) played a fundamental role for conflicts in Moravia during the last Cisleithanian censuses in 1900 and 1910. The measure of a conflict was undeniably high in a case of national organisations, national activists and politicians, i. e. elites. A significant, however a hardly answered question, is a degree...
Historica Olomucensia vol. 51 (2016), 145-162 | DOI: 10.5507/ho.2016.036
The coexistence of Czechs and Germans became more nationally complicated in the second half of the 19th century. Particularly, the situation in the mixed region was critical. The Czech minority suffered the oppression so that defence unions started to be established to support Czechs especially in economic and cultural spheres. In the North Bohemian border area it was the North Bohemian National Unity, which grew broader really fast and slightly before the First World War it counted more than 50 000 members. The activity of the North Bohemian National Unity continued after the war as well because according to the real circumstances in the country,...
Historica Olomucensia vol. 51 (2016), 163-176 | DOI: 10.5507/ho.2016.037
The opium trade has played a crucial role in a relation of Great Britain and China since the beginning of the 19th century. The effort of the Qing government to stop this practice led to two conflicts in the course of the 19th century; Great Britain forced to sign unequal agreements during them. Opening Chinese ports for British trade led to the dramatic growth of trade with this addictive drug. However, the opium trade exhausted the country economically and at the same time, it led to the domestic production increase and growing number of opium smokers. Thus, the import of opium into China contributed to the deep moral decline of the society. This...
Historica Olomucensia vol. 51 (2016), 177-187 | DOI: 10.5507/ho.2016.038
Disputes over the use of languages at the official level in the Czech lands has been a conflict area of Czech-German relations since the 19th century. The use of languages was codified by the linguistic right during the First Czechoslovak Republic, however disputes over its interpretation existed and some of these conflicts had to be solved by high-level bodies of public administration and some of them got to the Supreme Administrative Court. The paper deals with a concrete case of a linguistic dispute between Olomouc and Ústí nad Labem in the period of 1923-1926. The town council in Olomouc refused to answer a submission of the town council in Ústí...
Historica Olomucensia vol. 51 (2016), 189-205 | DOI: 10.5507/ho.2016.039
The study deals with personal and organisation structure and main aspects of German police apparat's activities in the region of Opava, i.e. the part of the Reichsgau Sudetenland with predominantly Czech population. Police forces comprised of many Sudeten Germans and men from border German areas. Forms of criminality and ways of its investigation have strong similarities with the pre-war period. However, apart from safeguarding order, police also fulfilled a state-security function. There is the evidence of monitoring of activities of the Czech intelligence and the participation of police in the realization of anti-Jewish measures. The particular attention...
Historica Olomucensia vol. 51 (2016), 207-234 | DOI: 10.5507/ho.2016.040
The aim of the study is to describe the process of establishing the totalitarian regime in the region Nový Bydžov in the year 1948 with the emphasis on the role of action committees of the National Front. Events in the region Nový Bydžov confirm the thesis about readiness of establishment of action committees of the National Front. Their existence meant a large intervention into Nový Bydžov's society since these illegitimate bodies of the Communist power reached every sphere of human activities. Besides, during the research it has been managed to document a concrete situation of machinations with electoral results from May 1948 in the region Nový Bydžov....
Historica Olomucensia vol. 51 (2016), 235-256 | DOI: 10.5507/ho.2016.041
The aim of the paper is to briefly outline the life and the work of Jesuit P. Konrád Maria Kubeš (1890-1967), an excercitator, a people's missionary, a preacher, a writer and a deep devotee of the Marian cult. The article thoroughly discusses individual epochs of Kubeš's life, his family background, secondary studies in Hradec Králové, theological studies and his work as a priest in Prague. Furthermore, it describes his entering monastic life and activities in the Society of Jesus and follows his fate in communist internment monasteries and finally, his forced stay in Břežany near Znojmo. The whole research is based on preserved archival sources kept...
Historica Olomucensia vol. 51 (2016), 257-276 | DOI: 10.5507/ho.2016.042
The paper thematically follows the work of the authors (published in the previous issue of Historica Olomucensia) in the next period of time. It discusses a situation in Czechoslovak exile after August occupation of Czechoslovakia by the Warsaw Pact armies in the year 1968. As a consequence of that and the subsequent strengthening of the Communist regime, another large exile wave followed. The Council of Free Czechoslovakia as a top body of the world Czechoslovak exile was reorganized and its activity was revived after the previous damping of its activities at the beginning of the 1970s. Nevertheless, the circumstances of exile were transformed in...
Historica Olomucensia vol. 51 (2016), 279-280
Historica Olomucensia vol. 51 (2016), 281-287 | DOI: 10.5507/ho.2016.044
Historica Olomucensia vol. 51 (2016), 289-291
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Historica Olomucensia vol. 51 (2016), 297-299
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