Historica Olomucensia vol. 61 (2021), 104-136 | DOI: 10.5507/ho.2021.023

"Defenders of the Russian Nation": Slovak American Attitudes towards the Russian Empire, 1905-1918

Stephen O'Donnell
West College Scotland, Renfrew Road, Paisley, United Kingdom, PA3 4DR

Klíčová slova: nationalism, Russia, Russian Revolution, Slovakia, Slovak Americans

The Russian Revolution held great significance beyond the empire's borders. As a 'Slav' state and a key member of the Entente alliance, Slav nationalists appealed to the Tsarist regime and its successors to liberate their countrymen living in Central and Eastern Europe. This article studies the relationship between Slovak migrant nationalists in the United States and the Russian Empire. Acting as a second centre of Slovak national life before 1914 and as the self-declared leaders of their political cause in wartime, Slovak American organisations adjusted their attitudes towards the Tsarist state and its successor regimes according to geopolitical calculations rather than ideological convictions.

Zveřejněno: 11. prosinec 2021  Zobrazit citaci

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
O'Donnell, S. (2021). "Defenders of the Russian Nation": Slovak American Attitudes towards the Russian Empire, 1905-1918. Historica Olomucensia, 61(vol. 61), 104-136. doi: 10.5507/ho.2021.023
Sdílet...
Stáhnout citaci
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)

    • Reference

    1. Marián M. Stolárik: Slovak Immigrants Come to Terms with Religious Diversity in North America. The Catholic Historical Review, 96:1, 2010, pp. 56-57. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    2. Elena Mannová, ed., A Concise History of Slovakia (Bratislava: VEDA, 2000).
    3. Holger H. Herwig, The First World War: Germany and Austria-Hungary, 1914-1918 (London: Bloomsbury, 2014), 2nd Ed.
    4. Mark Cornwall, The Undermining of Austria-Hungary (Basingstoke: Macmillan Press, 2000). Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    5. Jakub Beneš, "The Green Cadres and the Collapse of Austria-Hungary in 1918," Past and Present, 236 (2017), 213-215, 222, 224-226, 234-236. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    6. Victor S. Mamatey, "The Union of Czech Political Parties in the Reichsrat, 1916-1918," in Robert Kann, Béla Király and Paula S. Fichtner, eds., The Habsburg Empire in World War I: Essays on the Intellectual, Military, Political and Economic Aspects of the Habsburg War Effort (Boulder, CO: East European Quarterly, 1977), 9.
    7. James R. Felak, "At the Price of the Republic": Hlinka's Slovak People's Party, 1929-1938 (Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1993).
    8. Marián Hronský, The Struggle for Slovakia and the Treaty of Trianon, 1918-1920 (Bratislava: VEDA, 2001).
    9. Vavro Šrobár, Vol. I, Oslobodené Slovensko: Pamäti z Rokov, 1918-1920 (Prague: Čin, 1928).
    10. Ján Opat, "On the Emergence of Czechoslovakia," in Czechoslovakia, 1918-1988: Seventy Years from Independence, ed. Harold Gordon Skilling (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 1991), 41-42. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    11. Michal Dzvoník, Ohlas Veľkej októbrovej revolúcie na Slovensku (1918-1919) (Bratislava: SVPL, 1957).
    12. Ľudovít Holotík, Októbrová revolúcia a národnooslobodzovacie hnutie na Slovensku v rokoch 1917-1918, (Bratislava: SAV, 1958).
    13. Ľudovít Holotík, Štefánikovská legenda a vznik Československej republiky, (Bratislava: SAV, 1958).
    14. Ján Kvasnička, Československé légie v Rusku, 1917-1920, (Bratislava: SAV, 1963).
    15. Peter Petro, "Slovak Literature: Loyal, Dissident, Émigré," in Czechoslovakia, 1918-1988: Seventy Years from Independence, ed. Harold Gordon Skilling (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 1991), 223. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    16. M. Peknik, 'Milan Hodža and Slovak Politics', in M. Peknik, (ed.), Milan Hodža: Statesman and Politician. Bratislava: VEDA, 2007, p. 153.
    17. Marián M. Stolarik, (1968), "The Role of the American Slovaks in the Creation of Czecho-Slovakia, 1914-1918" (MA Thesis, University of Ottawa, 1968).
    18. Gregory C. Ference, Sixteen Months of Indecision: Slovak American Viewpoints towards Compatriots and the Homeland from the 1914 to 1915 as Viewed by the Slovak Language Press in Pennsylvania (London: Associated University Press, 1995).
    19. Claude Baláž, "Účasť Amerických Slovákov na Zahraničnom Odboji v Prvej Svetovej Vojne," in Slováci v Zahraničí, ed. Daniel Zemančík and Zuzana Pavelcová, Martin: Matica Slovenská, 2013, 96-107.
    20. Peter A. Toma and Dušan Kovač: Slovakia: From Samo to Dzurinda. Stanford, CA 2001.
    21. Karol Sidor, "Zásahy Slovenskej Lígy v Amerike do politického vývinu slovenského (1914-1939)," in Slovenská Líga v Amerike, Štyridsatročná, ed. Mikuláš Šprinc (Scranton, PA: Obrana Press, 1947), 42.
    22. Dagmar Perman, The Shaping of the Czechoslovak State: Diplomatic History of the Boundaries of Czechoslovakia, 1914-1920 (Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1962). Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    23. Andrea Orzoff, The Battle for the Castle: The Myth of Czechoslovakia in Europe, 1914-1948 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009).
    24. Betty M. Unterberger, The United States, Revolutionary Russia and the Rise of Czechoslovakia (College Station, TX: Texas A&M Press, 2000).
    25. Victor S. Mamatey, "The Slovaks and Carpatho-Rusyns", in J. P. O'Grady (ed.), The Immigrants' Influence on Wilson's Peace Policies (Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1967), 229.
    26. Joseph M. Kirschbaum. Pan-Slavism in Slovak Literature: Jan Kollar - Slovak Poet of. Panslavism (Winnipeg, Toronto: Slovak Institute, 1966).
    27. John F. N. Bradley, "Czech Pan-Slavism before the First World War", The Slavonic and East European Review, 40: 94 (Dec. 1961), 184-205.
    28. Peter V. Rovnianek, Who Are the Slavonians? (New York: P. V. Rovnianek and Co., 1891).
    29. Francis Roy Bridge, Vol. VI, From Sadowa to Sarajevo: The Foreign Policy of Austria-Hungary, 1866-1914 (London: Routledge, 2014), 2nd Ed.
    30. Roman Holec, "The Černová Tragedy and the Origin of Czechoslovakia in the Changes of Historical Memory", in Dušan Kováč (ed.), Slovak Contributions to the 19th International Congress of Historical Sciences (Bratislava: VEDA, 2000), 9.
    31. Marián M. Stolárik, "Immigration and Urbanization: The Slovak Experience, 1870-1918" (University of Minnesota, PhD thesis, 1974).
    32. Slovenský Evanjelický Kalendár 1915, Pittsburgh: Tlačou Slovesnkého Hlasníka, 1914.
    33. Mary Heimann, Czechoslovakia: The State That Failed (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2009).
    34. Piotr S. Wandycz, France and her Eastern Allies, 1919-1925: French-Czechoslovak-Polish Relations from the Paris Peace Conference to Locarno (Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1962).
    35. Georg M. Schild, Between Ideology and Realpolitik: Woodrow Wilson and the Russian Revolution, 1917-1921 (Westport, CN: Greenwood Press, 1995).
    36. Brent Mueggenberg, The Czecho-Slovak Struggle for Independence, 1914-1920 (Jefferson, NC: McFarland and Co., 2014).
    37. Tomáš G. Masaryk, The Making of a State: Memories and Observations, 1914-1918 (London: George Allen and Unwin, 1927).

    Tento článek je publikován v režimu tzv. otevřeného přístupu k vědeckým informacím (Open Access), který je distribuován pod licencí Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0), která umožňuje distribuci, reprodukci a změny, pokud je původní dílo řádně ocitováno. Není povolena distribuce, reprodukce nebo změna, která není v souladu s podmínkami této licence.


    Zpět na obsah