Historica Olomucensia vol. 53 (2017), 273-320 | DOI: 10.5507/ho.2017.036

George Sarton (1884-1956): zakladatel oboru dějiny vědy

Marcel Martin
Katedra filozofie a dějin přírodních věd, Přírodovědecká fakulta, Univerzita Karlova v Praze, Viničná 7, 128 44 Praha 2, Česká republika

Vedle hlavního cíle tohoto článku, tj. nastínění života a díla George Sartona (1884-1956), bylo vymezení (dle George Sartona) vztahů mezi historií vědy a jinými oblastmi lidského duchovního a intelektuálního světa (náboženství, technologie, vizuální a dekorativní umění) a mezi výše uvedenou disciplínou a civilizací jako takovou. Věda jako "systematizované pozitivní poznání" - v Sartonově pohledu - má sílu být neomezeně otevřená změnám a jako jediná lidská činnost opravdově kumulativní a pokroková. Proto je její místo uvnitř civilizace velmi významné. A tím i dějiny vědy mají svou relevantní úlohu. Z tohoto hlediska závisí osud civilizace na vývoji vědy nebo na její stagnaci či úpadku. Historie vědy pomáhá porozumět lidskému postavení ve světě a "zvýšit naši účast v kosmické evoluci". Tento článek se rovněž zaměřil na Sartonův koncept "nového humanismu" snažícího se překlenout propast mezi exaktními a přírodními vědami na jedné straně a humanitními obory na straně druhé. Sartonovým cílem bylo vytvoření prostoru pro vzájemné porozumění a spolupráci různých vědeckých přístupů. Jsou to právě dějiny vědy, které mají toto poslání naplnit.

Keywords: George Sarton (1884-1956), dějiny vědy, nový humanismus

George Sarton (1884-1956): the Founder of the History of Science Branch

Beside the main aim of present paper, i.e. to delineate life and work of George Sarton (1884-1956), was to determine (according to George Sarton) the relations between history of science and other spheres of human spiritual and intellectual world (religion, technology, visual and decorative art) and between above mentioned discipline and civilization as such. Science as "systematized positive knowledge" - in Sarton's view - has the power to be indefinitely open to changes as well as to be truly cumulative and progressive as the only human activity. Therefore its place within the civilization is of high importance. According to that position a history of science is relevant as well. From this point of view fate of civilization is depended on the development of science or onto her stagnation or decline. History of science helps to understand the human position within the world and "to increase our part in the cosmic evolution". This paper was focused also on Sarton's concept of "new humanism" bridging the gap between the exact and natural sciences on one side and humanities on the other one. Sarton's aim was to make a place for a mutual understanding and co-operation of different scientific approaches. It is the history of science, which has a task to fulfill this mission.

Keywords: George Sarton (1884-1956), history of science, new humanism

Published: December 11, 2017  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Martin, M. (2017). George Sarton (1884-1956): the Founder of the History of Science Branch. Historica Olomucensia, 53(vol. 53), 273-320. doi: 10.5507/ho.2017.036
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)

    • References

    1. Janko, Jan: Daniel Špelda: Proměny historiografie vědy. Praha, filozofia 2009. Dějiny věd a techniky, XLIII, 2010, č. 4, s. 290.
    2. Sarton, George: Simon Stevin of Bruges (1548-1620). Isis, vol. 21, 1934, no. 2, s. 243. Go to original source...
    3. Garfield, Eugene: The Life and Career of George Sarton: the Father of the History of Science. [online]. [cit. 07-06-2017]. URL:<http://www.sartonchair.ugent.be/filoe/179>.
    4. Oye, Paul van: George Sarton: de mens en zijn werk uit brieven aan vrienden en kennissen. Brussel 1965.
    5. Sarton, George: Introduction to the History of Science. Vol. I. From Homer to Omar Khayyam. Baltimore 1927 (repr. 1950).
    6. Sarton, George: Introduction to the History of Science. Vol. III. Science and Learning in the Fourteenth Century. Baltimore 1947 (repr. 1953).
    7. Sarton, George: The History of Science in the Carnegie Institution. Osiris, Vol. 9, 1950, s. 631-632. Go to original source...
    8. Thorndike, L.: Some Letters of George Sarton. Isis, vol. 48, 1957, no. 3, The George Sarton Memorial Issue, s. 334. Go to original source...
    9. Cohen, Bernard I.: George Sarton. Isis, vol. 48, 1957, no. 3, The George Sarton Memorial Issue, s. 295. Go to original source...
    10. Sarton, George: Six Wings: Men of Science in the Renaissance. Cleveland - New York 1966.
    11. Toynbee, Arnold: Mankind and Mother Earth: A Narrative History of the World. Oxford 1976.
    12. Toynbee, Arnold: Lidstvo a Matka Země. Praha 2001.
    13. Sarton, May: I Knew a Phoenix: Sketches for an Autobiography. London 1963 (repr.).
    14. Sarton, Eleonora Mabel: Bibliographical Data on George Sarton, in: Studies and Essays in the History of Science and Learning Offered in Homage to George Sarton On the Occasion of his Sixtieth Birthday. Edited by M. F. Aschley Montagu. New York 1944.
    15. Pyenson, Lewis: The Passion of George Sarton: A Modern Marriage and Its Discipline. Philadelphia 2007. Go to original source...
    16. De Mey, Marc: Sarton's Earliest Ambitions at the University of Ghent. Isis, vol. 75, 1984, no. 1, s. 42. Go to original source...
    17. Elkhadem, Hosam: Sarton and Irenee van der Ghinst. Isis, vol. 75, 1984, no. 1, Sarton, Science, and History, s. 34. Go to original source...
    18. Pyenson, Lewis - Verbruggen, Christophe: Ego and the International: The Modernist Circle of George Sarton. Isis, vol. 100, 2009, no. 1, s. 65. Go to original source...
    19. Sarton, George, The History of Science and the New Humanism. Bloomington 1962. Go to original source...
    20. Merton, Robert K., George Sarton: Episodic Recollections by an Unruly Apprentice. Isis, vol. 76, 1985, no. 4, s. 473. Go to original source...
    21. Dear, P.: The History os Science and the History of the Sciences: George Sarton, Isis, and the Two Cultures. Isis, vol. 100, 2009, no. 1, s. 91-92. Go to original source...
    22. Hellman, Doris C.: George Sarton, Historian of Science and New Humanist. Science, New Series, vol. 128, 1958, no. 3325, s. 642. Go to original source...
    23. Sarton, George: Why Isis?. Isis, vol. 44, 1953, no. 3, s. 237. Go to original source...
    24. Holton, Gerald: George Sarton, His Isis, and the Aftermath. Isis, vol. 100, 2009, no. 1, s. 80. Go to original source...
    25. Sarton, George: Synthetic Bibliography, with Special Reference to the History of Science. Isis, vol. 3, 1920, no. 2, s. 160, 162. Go to original source...
    26. Weldon, Stephen P.: Bibliography Is Social: Organizing Knowledge in the Isis Bibliography from Sarton to the Early Twenty-First Century. Isis, vol. 104, 2013, no. 3, s. 542. Go to original source...
    27. Cejpek, Jiří, Informace, komunikace a myšlení: Úvod do informační vědy. Praha 1998.
    28. Sarton, George: Acta atque Agenda, in: Stimson, Dorothy (selected and edited by): Sarton on the History of Science: Essays by George Sarton. Cambridge (Mass.) 1962, s. 39-42. Go to original source...
    29. Harvey, Joy: History of Science, and Natural Sciences: Undergraduate Teaching of the History of Science at Harvard, 1938-1970. Isis, vol. 90, 1999, supplement, s. 272. Go to original source...
    30. Sayili, Aydin: George Sarton and the History of Science. Belleten, cilt XLVII, 1983. Go to original source...
    31. Cohen, Bernard I.: The Isis Crises and the Coming of Age of the History of Science Society. With Notes on the Early Days of the Harvard Program in History of Science. Isis, vol. 90, 1999, supplement, S29. Go to original source...
    32. Sarton, George - Pogo, Alexander - Welborn, Mary Catherine - Siegel, Frances: Carnegie Institution of Washington. Division of Historical Research. Section of the History of Science. Isis, vol. 22, 1935, no. 2, s. 437. Go to original source...
    33. Gingerich, Owen: The Book Nobody Read: Chasing the Revolutions of Nicolaus Copernicus. New York 2004.
    34. Stimson, Dorothy: Dr. Sarton and the History of Science Society. Isis, vol. 48, 1957, no. 3, The George Sarton Memorial Issue, s. 283. Go to original source...
    35. Numbers, Ronald L.: The American History of Science Society or the International History of Science Society? Isis, vol. 100, 2009, no. 1, s. 104. Go to original source...
    36. Sarton, George: A History of Science: Ancient Science Through the Golden Age of Greece. New York 1964.
    37. Sarton, George: Horus: A Guide to the History of Science. Waltham (Mass.) 1952.
    38. Burckhardt, Jacob: Kultura renesance v Itálii. Praha 2003.
    39. Sarton, George: Appreciation of Ancient and Medieval Science during the Renaissance, 1450-1600. Philadelphia 1955. Go to original source...
    40. Strelsky, Katharine: Bibliography of the Publications of George Sarton, Isis, vol. 48, 1957, no. 3, The George Sarton Memorial Issue, s. 336-350. Go to original source...
    41. Sarton, George: History of Science. In: The Life of Science: Essays in the History of Civilization. New York 1948, s. 29. Go to original source...
    42. Sarton, George: The Study of the History of Science. Cambridge (Mass.) 1936.
    43. Witt, Ronald G.: 'In the footsteps of the Ancients': the origins of humanism from Lovato to Bruni. Leiden - Boston - Köln 2000. Go to original source...
    44. Hankins, James: Humanism, scholasticism, Renaissance philosophy. In: Hankins, James (ed.): The Cambridge Companion to Renaissance Philosophy. Cambridge 2007, s. 39. Go to original source...
    45. Kristeller, Paul Oskar: Osm filozofů italské renesance. Praha 2007.
    46. Budil, Ivo T.: Mýtus, jazyk a kulturní antropologie. Praha 2003.
    47. Glick, T. F.: George Sarton and the Spanish Arabist. Isis, vol. 76, 1985, no. 4, s. 492. Go to original source...
    48. Sarton, George: La transmission au monde moderne de la science ancienne et médiévale. Revue d'histoire des sciences et de leurs applications, tome 2, 1949, n°2, s. 106. Go to original source...
    49. Millás Vallicrosa, José M.: George Sarton y la Historia de la Ciencia Oriental. Isis, vol. 48, 1957, no. 3, The George Sarton Memorial Issue, s. 315-316. Go to original source...
    50. Mâlik, Charles Habib: Dr. Sarton's Study of Arabic. Isis, vol. 48, 1957, no. 3, The George Sarton Memorial Issue, s. 335. Go to original source...
    51. Wood, Michael: Legacy: A Search for the Origins of Civilization. London 1992.
    52. Fernandéz-Armesto, Felipe: Millennium: A History of Our Last Thousand Years. London 1996.
    53. Singer, Dorothea - Singer, Charles: George Sarton and the History of Science. Isis, vol. 48, 1957, no. 3, The George Sarton Memorial Issue, s. 306. Go to original source...
    54. Thackray, Arnold - Merton, Robert K.: On Discipline Building: The Paradoxes of George Sarton. Isis, vol. 63, 1972, no. 4, s. 483. Go to original source...
    55. Sarton, George: La correspondance de Paul Tannery et l'histoire de nos études. Revue d'histoire des sciences et de leurs applications, tome 7, n°4, 1954, s. 321-322. Go to original source...
    56. Sarton, George: Knowledge and Charity. Isis, vol. 5, 1923, no. 1, s. 10. Go to original source...
    57. Řoutil, Michal: Na Východ od Antiochie: Řecké myšlení za hranicemi Byzance, 2.-8. století: Syrská tradice. In: Milko, Pavel: Úvod do byzantské filozofie. Červený Kostelec 2009, s. 234.
    58. Holton, Gerald: Věda a antivěda. Praha 1999.
    59. Hay, William H.: George Sarton: Historian of Science and Humanist. American Scientist, vol. 41, 1953, no. 2, s. 285.
    60. Russel, G. A.: Eloge: Aydin Sayili, 1913-1993. Isis, vol. 87, 1996, no. 4, s. 674. Go to original source...
    61. Dauben, Joseph W. - Gleason, Mary Louise - Smith, George E.: Seven Decades of History of Science: I. Bernard Cohen (1914-2003), Second editor of Isis. Isis, vol. 100, 2009, no. 1, s. 11. Go to original source...
    62. Sarton, May: The House by the Sea: A Journal. New York 1977.
    63. Sarton, George: An Institute for the History of Science and Civilization, Science, 45, 1917, s. 284-286. Go to original source...
    64. Maienschein, Jane: Rethinking Sarton's Institute for History of Science and Civilization - Virtually. Isis, vol. 100, 2009, no. 1, s. 95. Go to original source...

    This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.


    Return to the content